The interest in brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a target to combat metabolic disease has recently been renewed with the discovery of functional BAT in humans. In rodents, BAT can be activated by bile acids, which activate type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) in BAT via the G-coupled protein receptor TGR5, resulting in increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure. Here we examined the effects of oral supplementation of the bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on human BAT activity. 
Treatment of 12 healthy female subjects with Chenodeoxycholic Acid for 2 days resulted in increased BAT activity. Whole-body energy expenditure was also increased upon CDCA treatment. In vitro treatment of primary human brown adipocytes derived with CDCA or specific TGR5 agonists increased mitochondrial uncoupling and D2 expression, an effect that was absent in human primary white adipocytes. These findings identify bile acids as a target to activate BAT in humans.
Chenodeoxycholic Acid can treat Gallstone. Gallstone, Symptoms depend on the size and location of stones, as well as non-blocking and inflammation. Part lifelong asymptomatic patients with gallstones, the so-called hidden stones. Large gallstones can cause swelling in the epigastric or right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort, nausea, belching and anorexia greasy food, indigestion and other symptoms. Smaller stones at each meal, after eating greasy food, or at night after lying stone blocking the cystic duct caused by biliary colic and acute cholecystitis. Because gallbladder contraction, smaller stones possible through the cystic duct into the common bile duct obstructive jaundice occurs, then part of the bile duct stones can be discharged into the duodenum, part of the stone is stuck in the bile duct becomes secondary bile duct stones. Long-term obstruction of cystic duct stones can occur without infection, gallbladder formed only water, then it can reach no tenderness swelling of the gallbladder. Gallstone in the absence of infection, usually no special signs or only mild right upper quadrant tenderness. But when the acute infection, can occur in the upper abdomen and right upper quadrant tenderness, muscle tension, and sometimes also palpable swelling and tenderness of the gallbladder. The main reason may have caused gallstones: Physical obesity, Usually eat high-fat, high-sugar, high cholesterol drinks or snacks, and obesity is an important foundation suffering from gallstones.