Through the identification of rabbit bile powder and bear bile powder traits, microscopic, physical and chemical, thin layer chromatography, to a certain extent, the two kinds of bile powder distinction, the use of thin layer chromatography, found that there were some differences. LC-MS, RP-HPLC and FTIR were used to analyze the two kinds of bile powder. The results showed that the bile powder was mainly composed of bilecholate and chenodeoxycholic acid. The content of total bile acid in the two kinds of bile powder was determined by sulfuric acid-furfural reaction, the total bile acid content was determined by the amount of bile acid, the bile acid content of rabbit bile. The total bile acids in the two kinds of bile powder were 10.03% and 25.51%, respectively, and the total bile acid content was 23.33% and 16.45% respectively. Amino acid content determination, the results showed that the two kinds of bile in the amino acid species are different, rabbit bile only tryptophan was not detected, bear bile powder of tryptophan, histidine and isoleucine 3 were not detected. In the detection of amino acids, in addition to aspartic acid, glutamic acid, valine, leucine, tyrosine several amino acid bear bile powder content is high, the remaining amino acid content of rabbit bile powder high; trace element content. Results showed that the contents of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Zn were high in rabbits with high levels of bile powder, Na and Cu, and no heavy metal elements Cd, Pb. Antitussive and expectorant results showed that the two kinds of bile powder have a certain antitussive effect, can significantly improve the cough incubation period, reduce the number of cough, and antitussive effect and dose there is a positive correlation; two bile powder expectorant effect Good, pharmacological similar. Analgesic effect of the results show that the two bile powder have a certain analgesic effect, can improve the pain threshold, reduce the number of writhing, anti-inflammatory effect, the results found that both bile powder have a certain anti-inflammatory effect, and rabbit bile powder sedation. The effect is better than bear bile powder. In summary, this paper draws the following conclusions: Through the comparison of pharmacognosy, rabbit bile powder and bear bile powder there are some differences, combined with several chromatographic and spectral methods to determine the results of rabbit bile powder and bear bile powder contained in the main. The composition of the same composition, there are differences, and rabbit bile powder contained in the material types than bear bile powder, the composition of its need for further analysis; two kinds of bile powder amino acid species and the number of no significant difference, but the rabbit bile. Containing the type and number of bear bile more; two kinds of bile powder are not containing Cd, Pd and other toxic elements, rabbit bile contained in the type and number more than bear bile. Pharmacological test results show that the two bile powder have a certain antitussive, expectorant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, in addition to anti-inflammatory effect, the pharmacological effects and dose showed a positive correlation. In the antitussive, expectorant, analgesic, the two bile powder pharmacological effects similar to no significant difference; and anti-inflammatory effect, rabbit bile bear bile effect is good.