Treatment with Chenodeoxycholic Acid alone resulted in 67% reduction in PPARα mRNA, as compared to cells treated with a vehicle control. Treatment with CDCA alone resulted in a 2-fold increase in LXRα mRNA that was attenuated by the addition of ω3PUFA (Figure 3B). No significant changes in RXR or FXR mRNA levels were observed with either treatment.  HepG2 cells treated with ω3PUFA, in addition to the CDCA challenge, exhibited a 47% attenuation of apoptosis, as reflected by caspase-3/7, when compared to cells treated with CDCA alone. This ω3PUFA protective effect was not observed with blockade of PPARα with specific antibody. With antibody dose escalation, there was no significant difference in caspase-3/7 with increasing doses of antibody, These results suggest that the attenuation of apoptosis occurs via PPARα-dependent pathways. Activation and mRNA levels of PPARα were reduced by treatment with the lipophilic bile acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, at a dose associated with hepatocyte apoptosis. When hepatocytes were exposed to ω3PUFA alone, PPARα activity and mRNA levels were increased. 
When cells were treated with Chenodeoxycholic Acid with the addition of ω3PUFA, PPARα mRNA levels were similar to those of control cells, and there was a trend to restoration of PPARα activation. Our findings are consistent with studies of CFTR-knockout mice and isolated macrophages from CFTR-knockout mice in which pretreatment with DHA resulted in increased PPARα mRNA levels. 
For a long time, people always want to have a drug that can be gallstones after eating melted, so that you can avoid surgery caused fear and pain. After a series of experimental and clinical observational study found that oral administration of chenodeoxycholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid can increase the content of bile bile acids, improve the ability of bile to dissolve cholesterol, after a longer-term medication, may serve to part of cholesterol gallstones shrink or even disappear effect. So the last two decades, these two drugs quickly become the treatment of gallstones commonly used drugs, all the rage in the West.
It should be noted, since the root causes of gallstone formation is still not clear, these two drugs is only part of an effective cholesterol stones, but drugs are expensive, taking a long time, plus there are some side effects of these two drugs is not ideal drug for treatment of cholesterol stones. While the bile pigment stones, because of their cholesterol gallstone formation mechanism and completely different, these two drugs it is invalid.